Most 300 Games Bowled
A perfect game is the highest score possible in a game of bowling, achieved by scoring a strike in every frame.[1] In bowling games that use 10 pins, such as ten-pin bowling, candlepin bowling, and duckpin bowling, the highest possible score is 300, achieved by bowling 12 strikes in a row in a traditional single game: one strike in each of the first nine frames, and three more in the tenth frame. Because a strike counts as ten pins plus any pinfall in the next two balls, 30 points are possible in a given frame. In current frame scoring game, 10 strikes in a row means perfect game.
In five-pin bowling, the highest possible score is 450, as a strike is worth 15 pins. It is rare to bowl or witness one. The Canadian Five Pin Bowlers Association approves from 10 to 40 perfect games per year.
- 1300 game
300 game[edit]
Certification process[edit]
Before a 300 game is recognized by the certifying body of the league or tournament, a series of tests are conducted by the local or regional bowling association. First, the bowler and league (or tournament) must be in good standing with the organization. In earlier years, the bowling ball(s) used in the scoring was taken for testing (hardness, weighting, and other aspects that would otherwise break the organization's regulations). Also, the lanes used in the scoring were shut down after the last game of the day was completed. The official then used a tape reader to test the oil condition, to make sure it met the organization's regulations. The data was then sent to the certifying body, and the score received a certification decision a few days to a few weeks later.
There are cases where the tests do not meet regulation, and therefore the score is not recognized by the organization. However, the score still counts towards the league or tournament statistics. Modern recognition is much easier; lanes are no longer shut down, balls are no longer taken and inspected. The lanes are inspected once a year, and the ball's make and serial number (USBC only requires that the ball have an engraved serial number, they do not need the actual number) are taken by a league/tournament official and reported to the certifying organization.
Recognition[edit]
In league or tournament play, a certified 300 game is usually commemorated with a ring. Subsequent league 300s are denoted by setting 'chips' or precious stones into the ring, so that skilled bowlers don't have to wear several rings. The United States Bowling Congress (USBC) offers a 'multiple' 300 ring for an additional fee that features the number of approved 300 games for that bowler surrounded by stones. The ring can be returned to have the number changed as the bowler rolls additional perfect games.
In casual or 'open' play, a 300 game is not recognized officially by any certifying, professional, or other organization, but may be honored by other means within the bowling center, such as a plaque, trophy, 'wall of fame' photo, or other prize.
Televised 300 games[edit]
A handful of 300 games have been broadcast on live TV. Grazio Castellano of Brooklyn, New York was the first to roll a 300 game on live television. This occurred on October 4, 1953, during an Eastern All-Star league session at Newark, New Jersey.[2] (Castellano is a member of the United States Bowling Congress Hall of Fame.) A more recent example of this came in October 2006, when England's Paul Moor became the first man to register a score of 300 in the Weber Cup (the first 300 on live British television), the annual Europe versus America team challenge event. Australian bowler Jason Belmonte became the first player to ever roll a 300 game in the televised finals of the World Tenpin Masters, defeating Moor in the 2007 event. Tommy Jones had shot a perfect game in each Weber Cup from 2007 to 2009. Shota Kawazoe has rolled back-to-back 300 games on live Japanese television.[3]
Through November 2016, there have been 26 televised 300 games in title events on the PBA Tour, and two more on the Senior PBA Tour. The first 300 game in a televised PBA event was rolled by Jack Biondolillo in the opening match of the 1967 Firestone Tournament of Champions finals (broadcast by ABC).[4] This was also the first nationally televised broadcast of a perfect game. The most recent in a U.S. telecast of a PBA Tour event was accomplished by CanadianFrançois Lavoie in the semifinal match of the 2016 U.S. Open live finals (November 9, 2016 on CBS Sports Network).[5] Sean Rash rolled the PBA's 23rd and 25th 300 games, and is to date the only player with multiple televised perfect games in PBA Tour stops. Mika Koivuniemi narrowly missed joining this exclusive club. Having rolled the PBA's 16th televised perfect game in 2004, Mika shot a 299 game in the semifinals of the 2011 PBA Tournament of Champions.[6]
Two other players have shot multiple 300 games on U.S. television, though one or both games were not rolled in an official PBA title event. In 2009, Wes Malott rolled two 300 games in an ESPN broadcast of the King of Bowling series. Though this event featured PBA players, it was not an official PBA Tour event.[7]Ryan Shafer, who earlier in his career rolled the PBA's 18th televised 300 in a PBA Tour event, threw his second televised 300 game in a singles match at the Geico PBA Team Shootout, a made-for-TV event broadcast on ESPN, July 2, 2011.[8]
Female bowlers have also achieved perfection in front of a television audience. Ritsuko Nakayama of the Japan Professional Bowling Association became the first female to score a perfect game in front of a national television audience, doing so in Japan on August 21, 1970.[9]Michelle Feldman of the Professional Women's Bowling Association (PWBA) became the first female to score a 300 on American national television, when she accomplished the feat in a 1997 Prime Sports broadcast.[10] Cara Honeychurch and Liz Johnson bowled the second and third 300 games on American TV – both in PWBA events. Urara Himeji, Wendy Macpherson and Takiko Naganawa have rolled 300 games on Japanese national television – all during JPBA events.
Andy Varipapa 300[edit]
Andy Varipapa, a standout bowler from the 1930s and 1940s, joked about a 300 game being twelve strikes in a row spanning two games. Hence, the very result is named after the veteran bowler.
Back-to-back[edit]
75-year-old Will June, grandfather of Cato June, became the oldest player to bowl consecutive perfect games on August 31, 2010.[11]
Perfect series[edit]
A 900 series, a three-game set with scores adding to 900, is a more difficult feat to achieve than bowling a single perfect game because it requires more consistency and careful attention to the subtle changes in the lane conditions from game to game.[12] The first six 900 series reported, starting with PBA Hall of Famer Glenn Allison's in 1982, were all rejected by the USBC for various reasons – mostly due to improper lane conditions.[13] Finally, in 1997, an officially certified 900 series was bowled by collegiate bowler Jeremey Sonnenfeld, rolled at Sun Valley Lanes in Lincoln, Nebraska. It was the first 900 series approved by the USBC. Twelve perfect series were bowled in the ten-year period 1997-2008, and six were bowled in the two years 2009-2010. As of January 16, 2019, the USBC lists a total of 35 officially certified 900 series by 34 different bowlers.[14]
In fiction[edit]
The concept of a perfect bowling game has been regularly used in fiction for either suspenseful or comedic effect.
- In a season 4 episode of Married.. with Children, 'Peggy Turns 300,' Peggy bowls a perfect game immediately after Al breaks the record at their local alley.
- In one episode of Camp Lazlo, Scout Master Lumpus builds his own personal bowling lane and attempts to bowl a perfect game, but as usual, Lazlo and his friends Raj and Clam come along and foil it, in curiosity of what he's doing.
- In one episode of The Flintstones, an invisible Barney helps Fred bowl a 'perfect game' by knocking/kicking aside all the pins whenever Fred bowls the ball.
- In the episode 'Bowling' of Malcolm in the Middle, Hal almost bowls a perfect game, but Malcolm accidentally gets caught in the pinsetter and is dropped onto the pins on the 12th roll. Although the computer claims that Hal bowled a perfect game (since Malcolm did knock all the pins over), the game is dismissed by the gathered crowd.
- In an episode of Hill Street Blues, the roll call sergeant had bowled a 300 game. After the bowling alley burned down, the sergeant was an arson suspect because his 300 was not league certified.
- In the 1998 movie The Big Lebowski, the character of Jesus Quintana (John Turturro) is seen wearing three perfect game rings.
- In The Simpsons episode 'Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder', Homer bowls a perfect game in a parody of The Natural. Later, the baby Maggie also apparently bowls one.
- An episode of The Andy Griffith Show titled 'Howard the Bowler' features a bowling match between Mayberry and neighboring Mt. Pilot. Howard is one strike away from a perfect game, only to have the lights go out due to a power overload. He has a day to think about it before he tries for the final strike. They make bets on him bowling a perfect game, and when he returns he gets two practice frames before making his final attempt. Both are gutter balls, so Andy gets the guys to relinquish the bets. With the pressure relieved, Howard makes the final strike for a perfect game.
- In a similar 2001 episode of the series According to Jim, Jim (James Belushi) bowls the first 11 strikes of a game when the power goes out at the bowling center. It is the day before Thanksgiving, and the proprietor tells Jim he cannot get credit for a 300 game (nor a photo on the center's 'wall of fame') if he leaves and returns. Jim spends the night, and his wife, Cheryl (Courtney Thorne-Smith), surprises him by bringing Thanksgiving dinner to the bowling center while he waits for the power to return. Cheryl and Jim's family light the lane by placing candles in the gutters, and Jim rolls the final strike to complete the 300 game.
- In the episode 'Bowling for Votes' of the series Parks and Recreation, Ron Swanson bowls a perfect game by rolling the ball with two hands from between his legs.
- In the episode 'Blind Ambition' of the series Family Guy, where Peter becomes jealous of his friends' achievements, Mort Goldman bowls a perfect game despite rolling the ball so slowly it takes several seconds to reach the pins.
- In an episode 'Lawmen' of the series Lethal Weapon, Roger (Damon Wayans) has his photo on the 'wall of fame' in a local bowling center for a 300 game (which he admits was only a 290), but was pushed to roll a perfect game to prove it.
See also[edit]
- Golden Set in tennis
- Maximum break and century break in snooker
- Nine dart finish in darts
- Perfect game in baseball
- Golden break in nine-ball pool
References[edit]
- ^Bowling-Tips.org (2013). 'Bowling Terminology'. S. Wight. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
- ^Muskatevc, Eric. 'Amateur's payday not too shabby.' Article in St. Petersburg Times, June 30, 2006.
- ^Vint, Bill (November 9, 2017). 'Japanese Star Shota Kawazoe Leads PBA WSOB IX Shark Qualifying in Quest of Dream PBA Title'. PBA.com. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
- ^'PBA History' at www.pba.com
- ^Vint, Bill (February 15, 2015). 'Belmonte Repeats as Barbasol PBA Tournament of Champions Winner; Rash Rolls Historic 300 Game'. pba.com. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
- ^Vint, Bill (January 22, 2011). ''Major Mika' Wins PBA Tournament of Champions, Record $250,000 First Prize'. PBA.
- ^'Malott Records Perfect Ending to King of Bowling Series.' Article at www.pba.com, May 20, 2009.
- ^Thomas, Jason. 'Geico PBA Team Shootout Provides Plenty of Fireworks.' Article at www.pba.com on July 4, 2011.
- ^Ritsuko Nakayama on YouTube
- ^Feldman, Michelle. 'Paying the price for ill-timed perfection..The Match I'll Never Forget.' Bowling Digest, April, 2003.
- ^Goodwin, Jim (February 2011). 'New USBC Record: 75-year-old Will June Rolls Back-to-Back 300 games'(PDF). Stars & Strikes. p. 10. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2011-05-20.
- ^Krupka, Jim. 'Northern Lehigh Stars Shine At Boulevard Lanes Jim Krupka Bowling.' Article in The Morning Call on April 14, 1989. 'Raising Your Bowling Average - Scoring Facts and Oddities.'
- ^'BC Redirect'. Sun Valley Lanes. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
- ^Wilbur Speaks with USBC Following His 900 Series
It was the holy grail of bowling, once.
The quest led men and women to lace up footwear that would not be out of place at a circus and hurl heavy black balls 60 feet down an alley. They would do it again and again, hoping against the odds to someday knock down all 10 pins for a strike 12 consecutive times. That would mean a score of 300, the highest one could achieve: perfection.
Thirty years ago, throwing a 300 made you a bowling celebrity, the Paul Anka of your local alley. The American Bowling Congress in Greendale, Wis., would solemnly present you with a gold ring to signal your ascension into an elite club. The bowling alley would memorialize your feat with a plaque or a glass-encased shrine. And from that day forward, it was a safe bet you would never buy your own coffee ever again.
These days, you had better bring some change if you think a 300 game gets you a cup of joe, because you have lots of company.
Thanks largely to NASA-like advances in bowling-ball technology and the more liberal application of lubricants upon lane surfaces -- by bowling center proprietors seeking to enliven a game of fickle popularity -- the number of perfect games has exploded. Teenagers in youth leagues are throwing them. Retired people in senior leagues are throwing them. There is a bowling alley mechanic in Nassau County who has thrown perfect games with his right hand and his left.
The experience of Mike Serigano, the general manager of the AMF Babylon Lanes, provides perspective. When he began working at the center in 1987, four perfect games had been bowled in its 30-year existence. Since September alone, he said, the alley has had 93 perfect games. Perfect-game bowlers are so common now that the center displays their names for a few days, then takes them down with the same pomp a supermarket devotes to removing a sale sign for overripe fruit.
Continue reading the main story'In fact, we're backed up,' said Mr. Serigano, who has a perfect game of his own. He said the names hanging over the lanes right now celebrate perfect games bowled in February.
The numbers are not peculiar to a bowling alley on Sunrise Highway. The American Bowling Congress, the governing body of the sport, reports that in the 1968-69 season, it recorded 905 perfect games in league and tournament matches; in the 1998-99 season, it recorded 34,470.
That figure represents about a 3,700 percent increase in 30 years. And it does not include the 1,708 perfect games recorded last year by the Women's International Bowling Congress and the Young American Bowling Alliance. The increase also comes at a time when the number of people who bowl regularly enough to register as members with these organizations has declined drastically, to about 3.5 million from 9 million in the last 20 years.
Granted, bowling a 300 game remains a feat to brag about, considering the millions of games played every year. Still, the trend vexes the game's leading experts, from Len Nicholson of Vacaville, Calif., who has dedicated his career to the study of bowling lane surfaces, to Bill Wasserberger of Muskegon, Mich., whose job title for the Brunswick company is: director of research and development, high-performance bowling balls. Bahut pyar karte hain tumko sanam lyrics.
They are in full agreement with Norm Ginsberg Jr., who at 25 is considered one of the top amateur bowlers on Long Island.
'Today, it's not that big an accomplishment,' Mr. Ginsberg said as he hammered away at a thumb mold for a ball at Norm's Bowlers Pro Shop in Levittown. 'It looks silly, because there are so many. It just mocks the game.'
Mr. Ginsberg has some standing in the matter; he has bowled 41 perfect games. So far.
The perfect-game epidemic has prompted years of discussion above the din of clattering balls and tenpins. Blame and a bit of sheepishness seem to frame the debate among industry monitors, bowling equipment manufacturers and bowling alley proprietors.
True, many people say, the bowler's technique has changed over the years, creating more ball revolution and, therefore, more action when the ball hits the pins.
Then there are the scientific advances in the design of the ball itself. Technicians have studied the bowling ball the way Hamlet studied Yorick's skull.
Thirty years ago, most bowling balls were hard rubber or plastic. Today, the companies that manufacture balls guard their formulations as though protecting state secrets. Bill Supper ('just like the meal!'), the president of Storm Bowling Products in Brigham City, Utah, said that companies use ground-up glass beads, ground-up ceramic or ground-up rubber, all in pursuit of a 'proprietary concoction' that will create a sublime marriage of traction and friction.
How can the answer be improved? Many people who come to the United States on nonimmigrant visa are confused regarding the duration for which they can legally stay in the United States. The visa stamp is used just to enter the United States. You can enter United States at any period during the validity of the visa.
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Mr. Wasserberger said that he and Ray Edwards, his research partner at Brunswick, had focused in recent years on the interaction between bowling balls and the oil on the lanes. Now, he said, bowlers can choose balls that respond best to the specific lane conditions of their preferred bowling centers. He talked with gusto about 'proactive urethane,' the 'maximum coefficient of traction' and something called a 'flared ball track.'
He acknowledged that he and Mr. Edwards are a rare breed: men addicted to physics and bowling. His senior project in college was related to the 'static balance in bowling balls,' he said. He has also bowled four perfect games.
For all his life's dedication to the mysteries of the bowling ball, Mr. Wasserberger said he was convinced that the precipitous rise in perfect games -- and in overall averages -- was primarily due to changes in the oiling of lanes. And he belongs to a growing chorus.
About a decade ago, the American Bowling Congress relaxed its lane-dressing regulations to accommodate bowling center proprietors who complained that they did not have the time, money or equipment to meet the governing organization's exacting standards. The centers quickly learned that they could create high-score conditions by applying more oil down the middle of the lanes, which essentially guides balls to the pocket -- between the one and two pins for left-handers and between the one and three pins for right-handers.
'It's very similar to funneling,' said Mr. Nicholson, the pre-eminent 'oil man.'
The trend has not affected the Professional Bowlers Tour, which requires more demanding conditions. And it seems rooted in a basic philosophy of human nature: people who bowl well are more likely to return. But many purists say the changes have alienated the best amateur bowlers, who find the game too easy.
The American Bowling Congress, of course, has noticed the difference. In the old days, proprietors would have to rope off the lane upon which a perfect game was thrown until a representative of the congress arrived to confirm that indeed such a miracle had occurred. Then would come the gold ring.
Now the rings are made of something called Siladium, which bowlers describe as something like steel. And verification is done through a form whose most serious requirement is: 'Use dark ink.'
But the congress is addressing the issue with plans to create a 'sport level' of competition with less-forgiving lane conditions. Roger Dalkin, the organization's executive director, said the plan would allow more accomplished players to focus on the skill of ball placement, while retaining the more generous conditions for 'the 50 million who bowl and have a good time.'
And a good time is being had in Babylon.
Mr. Serigano recently took down the old board that long ago had been hung near the alley's entrance to honor the very elite: those who had bowled games of 300 and 299. He had his reasons: there was no more room on the board for all the names; 299 games had become passe; and some prankster had been moving the letters around to spell out crude jokes.
Still, the dusty board provided a telling chronology of the 300-game revolution. Pointing to a name toward the top left-hand corner of the board, Mr. Serigano said that the lanes began to be oiled differently at about the time that that particular perfect game was bowled.
'And from here on down,' he said with a sweep of his hand, 'they started whacking them.'
He walked down the alley -- past the snack bar, past the sign that says 'Please, this bench is reserved for changing of shoes only' -- and stopped for a while to watch some members of the Tri-Rite Auto bowling team warm up.
'This guy just shot a 258,' he said, motioning to a smiling man whose score was being projected on an overhead screen. 'He's just practicing and he's throwing a 258.'
Later that night, down on Lane 38, there were more smiles when a bowler threw yet another perfect game. It was his second.
In the history of the National Football League (NFL), 18 different quarterbacks have passed for at least 500 yards in a single game 22 times, a feat also referred to as the '500 Club'.[1][2][3][4]Norm Van Brocklin was the first to do so in 1951, whose performance remains the league record for most passing yards in a game with 554.[5] Only three quarterbacks have ever thrown for over 500 more than once in their career; Drew Brees and Tom Brady did so twice and Ben Roethlisberger did so three times.[6] Brady is the only quarterback to have thrown for over 500 in a postseason game, doing so in Super Bowl LII.[7] Quarterbacks throwing for 500 yards have amassed 13 wins and 9 losses by doing so, with 12 of the 22 total games occurring in the 2010s.
List[edit]
No. = Number; Comp. = Completions; Att. = Attempts; Comp. % = Completion Percentage; Y/A = Yards per Attempt; TDs = Touchdowns; INTs = Interceptions; Rtg = Passer rating
No. | Quarterback | Date | Team | Opponent | Result | Comp. | Att. | Comp. % | Yards | Y/A | TDs | INTs | QBR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Norm Van Brocklin | September 28, 1951 | Los Angeles Rams | New York Yanks | W 54–14 | 27 | 41 | 65.9 | 554 | 13.51 | 5 | 2 | 128.3 | [5] |
2 | Y. A. Tittle | October 28, 1962 | New York Giants | Washington Redskins | W 49–34 | 27 | 39 | 69.2 | 505 | 12.94 | 7 | 0 | 151.4 | [8] |
3 | Vince Ferragamo | December 26, 1982 | Los Angeles Rams | Chicago Bears | L 34–26 | 30 | 46 | 65.2 | 509 | 11.07 | 3 | 2 | 106.2 | [9] |
4 | Phil Simms | October 13, 1985 | New York Giants | Cincinnati Bengals | L 35–30 | 40 | 62 | 64.5 | 513 | 8.27 | 1 | 2 | 82.3 | [10] |
5 | Dan Marino | October 23, 1988 | Miami Dolphins | New York Jets | L 44–30 | 35 | 60 | 58.3 | 521 | 8.68 | 3 | 5 | 68.8 | [11] |
6 | Warren Moon | December 16, 1990 | Houston Oilers | Kansas City Chiefs | W 27–10 | 27 | 45 | 60.0 | 527 | 11.71 | 3 | 0 | 123.1 | [12] |
7 | Boomer Esiason | November 10, 1996 | Arizona Cardinals | Washington Redskins | W 37–34 (OT) | 35 | 59 | 59.3 | 522 | 8.85 | 3 | 4 | 77.1 | [13] |
8 | Elvis Grbac | November 5, 2000 | Kansas City Chiefs | Oakland Raiders | L 49–31 | 39 | 53 | 73.6 | 504 | 9.51 | 2 | 2 | 99.9 | [14] |
9 | Drew Brees | November 19, 2006 | New Orleans Saints | Cincinnati Bengals | L 31–16 | 37 | 52 | 71.2 | 510 | 9.81 | 2 | 3 | 91.0 | [3] |
10 | Ben Roethlisberger | December 20, 2009 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Green Bay Packers | W 37–36 | 29 | 46 | 63.0 | 503 | 10.93 | 3 | 0 | 121.9 | [6] |
11 | Tom Brady | September 12, 2011 | New England Patriots | Miami Dolphins | W 38–24 | 32 | 48 | 66.7 | 517 | 10.77 | 4 | 1 | 121.6 | [3] |
12 | Matthew Stafford | January 1, 2012 | Detroit Lions | Green Bay Packers | L 45–41 | 36 | 59 | 61.0 | 520 | 8.81 | 5 | 2 | 103.8 | [3] |
13 | Eli Manning | September 16, 2012 | New York Giants | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | W 41–34 | 31 | 51 | 60.8 | 510 | 10.00 | 3 | 3 | 89.5 | [15] |
14 | Matt Schaub | November 18, 2012 | Houston Texans | Jacksonville Jaguars | W 43–37 (OT) | 43 | 55 | 78.2 | 527 | 9.58 | 5 | 2 | 121.7 | [16] |
15 | Tony Romo | October 6, 2013 | Dallas Cowboys | Denver Broncos | L 51–48 | 25 | 36 | 69.4 | 506 | 14.06 | 5 | 1 | 140.0 | [17] |
16 | Ben Roethlisberger | October 26, 2014 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Indianapolis Colts | W 51–34 | 40 | 49 | 81.6 | 522 | 10.65 | 6 | 0 | 150.6 | [6] |
17 | Philip Rivers | October 18, 2015 | San Diego Chargers | Green Bay Packers | L 27–20 | 43 | 65 | 66.2 | 503 | 7.74 | 2 | 0 | 99.7 | [18] |
18 | Drew Brees | November 1, 2015 | New Orleans Saints | New York Giants | W 52–49 | 39 | 50 | 78.0 | 505 | 10.10 | 7 | 2 | 131.7 | [19] |
19 | Matt Ryan | October 2, 2016 | Atlanta Falcons | Carolina Panthers | W 48–33 | 28 | 37 | 75.7 | 503 | 13.59 | 4 | 1 | 142.0 | [20] |
20 | Derek Carr | October 30, 2016 | Oakland Raiders | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | W 30–24 (OT) | 40 | 59 | 67.8 | 513 | 8.69 | 4 | 0 | 117.4 | [21] |
21 | Ben Roethlisberger | December 10, 2017 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Baltimore Ravens | W 39–38 | 44 | 66 | 66.7 | 506 | 7.67 | 2 | 0 | 99.7 | [6] |
22 | Tom Brady | February 4, 2018 | New England Patriots | Philadelphia Eagles | L 41–33 | 28 | 48 | 58.3 | 505 | 10.52 | 3 | 0 | 115.4 | [7] |
No. | Quarterback | Date | Team | Opponent | Result | Comp. | Att. | Yards | TDs | INTs | QBR | Ref. |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'500-yard NFL passers in a game'. Newsday. November 18, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^'List of quarterbacks to throw over 500 yards'. Reuters. February 5, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^ abcd'The NFL's 500-Yard Passers'. Sports Illustrated. October 7, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^'500 Club'. Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- ^ abBattista, Judy (September 27, 2011). 'Still the Biggest Passing Day'. The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- ^ abcd'Ben Roethlisberger becomes first QB with three 500-yard games'. ESPN.com. December 11, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^ ab'Brady takes his 3rd Super Bowl loss, despite 500-yard game'. USA Today. Associated Press. February 5, 2018. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^'Tittle's Aerials Rip Skins'. The Milwaukee Sentinel. United Press. October 29, 1962. p. 3. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
- ^Rapoport, Ron (December 28, 1982). 'Ferragamo record show wasted'. The Morning News. p. 27. Retrieved September 21, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^Dodd, Mike (October 14, 1985). 'Defense Makes Big Plays, Overcomes Simms' Big Day'. The Cincinnati Enquirer. p. 19. Retrieved September 21, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^'Marino's 521 Passing Yards Not Enough as Dolphins Lose'. The Atlanta Constitution. Associated Press. October 24, 1988. p. 41. Retrieved September 21, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^'Oilers' Moon Is Shining With Pride'. Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. December 17, 1990. p. 141. Retrieved September 21, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^'Esiason revives status with 522-yard showing'. The Daily Times. Associated Press. November 12, 1996. p. 11. Retrieved September 21, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^'Raiders overcome Grbac's 500 yards'. Detroit Free Press. November 6, 2000. p. 41. Retrieved September 21, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^Worthington, Dan. 'Just the Facts: A closer look at Eli Manning's first 500-yard game'. NJ.com. The Star Ledger. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- ^Rosenthal, Gregg. 'Matt Schaub's passing keys Houston Texans' OT win'. NFL.com. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- ^Wilson, Ryan. 'Cowboys QB Tony Romo throws for 506 yards in loss to Broncos'. CBS Sports. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- ^Williams, Eric D. (October 19, 2015). 'Philip Rivers throws for more than 500 yards in loss to Packers'. ESPN.com. ESPN Internet Ventures, LLC. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ^Orr, Conor (November 1, 2015). 'Drew Brees ties single-game record with 7 TD passes'. NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, LLC. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^RotoWire Staff (October 3, 2016). 'Falcons' Matt Ryan: Throws for career-high 503 yards in rousing victory'. CBS Sports. Retrieved September 22, 2018.
- ^RotoWire Staff (October 31, 2016). 'Raiders' Derek Carr: Surpasses 500 yards in overtime victory'. CBS Sports. Retrieved September 22, 2018.